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Concern has grown that children vaccinated against rotavirus in developing countries may be vulnerable to rotavirus diarrhea in the second year of life due to waning immunity. Adding a booster dose of rotavirus vaccine at 9 or 12 months of age with measles vaccine has been suggested as a strategy to address this. We evaluated the hypothetical potential benefits of a booster dose on reduction of rotavirus...
Long-lasting humoral immunity is one of the necessary criteria for a successful vaccine. In our previous study, it was demonstrated that the immunopotentiator CVC1302 could improve the humoral immunity induced by the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) killed vaccine (KV) with only one dose. Significantly higher FMDV-specific antibody titers and more persistent antibody responses were observed in...
Typhoid fever remains a serious public health problem with a high impact on toddlers and young children. Vaccines against the Vi capsular polysaccharide are efficacious against typhoid fever demonstrating that antibodies against Vi confer protection. The currently licensed Vi typhoid vaccines have however limited efficacy and are manufactured by a complex process from wild-type bacteria. Due to these...
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic organ-specific autoimmune disease in which selective destruction of insulin-producing β cells leads to impaired glucose metabolism and its attendant complications. IA2(5)P2-1, a potent immunogenic carrier which designed by our laboratory, can induce high titer specific antibodies when carry a B cell epitope, such as B cell epitopes of DPP4, xanthine oxidase, and Urate...
Influenza is a major public health problem. Achieving 65% coverage in people over 65 years old is a health policy priority in Spain.To determine the coverage of influenza vaccination in Spain in 2014 for people over 65 years and to analyze the factors associated with coverage and its progression between 2009 and 2014.A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted that included 18,442 non-institutionalized...
The principle of deliberately infecting humans with infectious agents in a controlled setting, so-called controlled human infections (CHI), is not novel. Many CHI models have a long history and were established decades ago such as the intentional exposure to yellow fever and dengue performed in the 1900’s (Reed, 1902) [2]. In these times bioethics and scientific reasoning were in their infancy. Nowadays,...
Previous studies in African countries have been suggestive of non-specific effects (NSE) of vaccination on child survival. Live vaccines (e.g. measles, MV) have been found to reduce child mortality while inactivated vaccines (e.g. diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, DTP) have been associated with increased mortality; NSE were often found to be sex-specific.A case-control study nested into the Health and...
Controlled Human Malaria Infection (CHMI) is the most practiced controlled human infection model nowadays and there is an exponential increase in implementation of the model worldwide. During the Controlled Human Infection Models Workshop in Leiden, one day was dedicated to the discussion of the advances made and gaps in Controlled Human Malaria Infection (CHMI) trials. Factors contributing to this...
Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) is a major cause of lower respiratory disease i.e. bronchitis, bronchiolitis or pneumonia, in infants and young children. Presently there is no licensed vaccine against PIV3. To produce an effective subunit vaccine, a chimeric FHN glycoprotein consisting of the N-terminal ectodomain of the fusion (F) protein linked to the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein...
Rickettsia rickettsii is the causative pathogen of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). Adr2, YbgF and OmpB are protective antigens of R. rickettsii. In this study, 90 candidate peptides were selected from these antigens based on their high-affinity binding capacity for the MHC class II molecule H2 I-A or H2 I-E using bioinformatic methods. Six peptides were determined using ELISPOT assay to be immunodominant...
Human Rabies infection continues to be potentially fatal despite the availability of post-exposure prophylaxis with rabies vaccine. The PIKA Rabies vaccine adjuvant is a TLR3 agonist and has been shown to be safe and immunogenic in clinical phase I studies.We conducted a phase II, open label, randomized study in healthy adults to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the PIKA rabies vaccine under...
To achieve full benefits of vaccination programmes, high uptake and timely receipt of vaccinations are required.To examine uptake and timeliness of infant and pre-school booster vaccines using cohort study data linked to health records.We included 1782 children, born between 2000 and 2001, participating in the Millennium Cohort Study and resident in Wales, whose parents gave consent for linkage to...
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Southeast Asia (SEA) and East Asia with circulation of multiple serotypes and multiple genotypes within each serotype of the virus. Although countries like Japan and South Korea in the Far East were free of FMD, in 2010 FMD serotype O (O/Mya-98) outbreaks were recorded and since then South Korea has experienced several FMD outbreaks despite regular vaccination...
Adults with chronic conditions are at much greater risk of influenza-related morbidity and mortality, yet flu vaccine uptake remains suboptimal. Research focused on the high-risk population has been limited, particularly related to racial disparities in vaccination. We explore a broad range of demographic, racial, and psychosocial factors to identify predictors of vaccination among high-risk adults,...
Because of the exquisite sensitivity of the murine histamine sensitization test (HIST) in detecting minute amounts of active pertussis toxin (PTx), this animal-based test has been used to assure the safety of acellular pertussis vaccines in the United States and other countries around the world. Prompted by humane considerations, efforts are underway to find a suitable in vitro replacement assay that...
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